-Outline-

Kidney stone (Nephrolithiasis) is one of the most common urologic conditions. It is common in both the Western and non-Western worlds. The aetiology of Kidney stones is multifactorial. The most common type of Kidney stone is calcium oxalate formed on the renal papillary surfaces.

The mechanism involves saturation, growth, aggregation, and retention of urinary stone constituents within the renal tubules, thus leading to Kidney stone formation.

Kidney stone is a huge burden, and delayed treatment is becoming an issue worldwide. The prevalence has increased over the years affecting the developing countries, leading to complications such as infection and end-stage renal failure.

In PNG, there are challenges to manage Kidney stones. This presentation will highlight the challenges and introduce new concepts to manage Kidney stones.